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1.
Acta méd. costarric ; 59(4): 138-145, oct.-dic. 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-886388

ABSTRACT

ResumenJustificación y objetivo:la necrosectomía pancreática abierta es un procedimiento quirúrgico usado en la pancreatitis aguda necrotizante infectada, con una mortalidad variable entre el 6% y el 80%, y una morbilidad que supera el 50% de los casos. En Costa Rica no existen estudios acerca de esta cirugía, por lo cual se hizo uno retrospectivo, observacional, de casos controles, con el objetivo de conocer los resultados quirúrgicos en nuestro centro hospitalario y compararlos con la estadística mundial, para intentar identificar patrones que modifiquen la mortalidad.Métodos:estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo de casos y controles. Se analizaron todos los pacientes sometidos a necrosectomía pancreática abierta en el hospital "Dr. R. A. Calderón Guardia", desde el 1 de enero de 2006 al 30 junio de 2014. Se definió como caso todo paciente que falleció posterior a una necrosectomía pancreática por pancreatitis necrotizante, y como control, todo paciente que sobrevivió posterior al diagnóstico y cirugía.Resultados:en el período 2006 - 2014 se analizaron 28 casos. La edad promedio de población fue de 47,7 años; 17 hombres y 11 mujeres; pancreatitis agudas severas en el 89,3% de casos, teniendo como principales causas: colelitiasis e ingesta etílica. Indicaciones quirúrgicas utilizadas: colección pancreática o peripancreática infectada y necrosis pancreática; momento quirúrgico promedio de 17,3 días; abordaje por línea media con necrosectomía y empaque más abdomen abierto mayormente usado. En promedio: 6,3 intervenciones quirúrgicas por paciente, con estancias medias en UCI y hospitalaria, de 26,6 y 47,5 días. Complicaciones frecuentes: fístula pancreática enel 53,6% de los casos, abscesos postoperatorios en el 53,6% también, y mortalidad del 35,7%. En cuanto a la mortalidad, se encontró que la perforación intestinal fue la principal condición de riesgo para fallecimiento, y la fístula pancreática, un factor protector.Conclusión:en el hospital del estudio, la necrosectomía pancreática abierta es un procedimiento de alta morbimortalidad.


AbstractBackground and aim:Open pancreatic necrosectomy is a surgical procedure used in infected acute necrotizing pancreatitis with a mortality that varies between studies from 6% to 80% and a morbidity that exceeds 50% of the cases. In Costa Rica there are no studies related to this surgery so a retrospective, observational and control study was done with the objective of knowing the surgical results in our center and comparing it with the world statistics and to identify patterns that modify mortality.Methods:Observational, descriptive and retrospective case-control study. All patients undergoing open pancreatic necrosectomy at the "Dr. R. A. Calderón Guardia" from January 1, 2006 to June 30, 2014 were reviewed. All patients who died after a pancreatic necrosectomy for necrotizing pancreatitis were defined as cases, and as a controls, all patients who survived after diagnosis and surgery.Results:In the period 2006 to 2014 in our tertiary center Hospital Calderón Guardia 28 cases were obtained, with the following results: average age of 47.7 years, 17 men and 11 women, severe acute pancreatitis was found in 89.3% of cases with cholelithiasis and alcohol ingestion as the main causes. Surgical indications were pancreatic and/or peripancreatic infected collection and pancreatic necrosis, surgical time average of 17.3 days, midline approach with necrosectomy and packing, plus open abdomen mostly used. On average, 6.3 surgeries per patient were made, with mean days in ICU and hospital stay of 26.6 and 47.5 days each. Most frequent pancreatic complications were pancreatic fistula in 53.6% of cases, postoperative abscesses in 53.6%, and mortality of 35.7%. Regarding mortality it was found that intestinal perforation was a risk factor fordeath and pancreatic fistula a protective factor.Conclusion:at the study hospital open pancreatic necrosectomy is a high morbidity and mortality procedure.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pancreatectomy/mortality , Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing/mortality
2.
Rev. habanera cienc. méd ; 16(2): 240-247, mar.-abr. 2017. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-845278

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La Agenesia de la Vesícula Biliar es una anomalía congénita rara, entre 13 y 65 por ciento por cada 100 000 habitantes. Su asociación con pancreatitis aguda es extremadamente rara. Objetivo: Presentar un caso de Agenesia de la Vesícula Biliar asociada a pancreatitis aguda recurrente. Presentación del caso: Se presenta una mujer de 85 años, con antecedentes de litiasis vesicular por ultrasonido (US), y crisis de dolor abdominal, vómitos e hipotensión frecuentes, a quien remitían con tratamiento médico. Acudió al hospital con dolor abdominal, vómitos e hipotensión. Al examen físico se constató: dolor epigástrico, sin reacción peritoneal ni tumor palpable. El US informó vesícula no visible. En menos de 24 horas evolucionó con shock, disfunción múltiple de órganos y muerte. En la necropsia se encontró Agenesia de la Vesícula Biliar (AVB) y pancreatitis aguda necrotizante. Conclusiones: La AVB es una anomalía congénita rara, de difícil diagnóstico preoperatorio, por lo que casi siempre es un hallazgo de la cirugía abdominal o en la autopsia. Su asociación con pancreatitis aguda es rara. La pancreatitis puede ser debida a Disfunción del Esfínter de Oddi o de origen idiopático(AU)


Introduction: Gallbladder agenesis (GA) is a rare congenital anomaly, with a reported incidence ranging between 13-65 percent a 100 000 population. Its association with acute pancreatitis is extremely rare. Objective: To present a case of GA associated with recurrent acute pancreatitis. Case Presentation: We present an 85 years old woman whose clinical record reported a bladder stonediagnosis by US, that arrive to the hospital with frequent episodes of intermittent vomiting, abdominal pain and hypotension. She was admitted at hospital with upper abdominal pain, vomiting and hypotension. At the physical examination the abdomen was soft, with mild epigastric tenderness, without tenderness rebound or tumor. US report gallbladder not visible. In less than 24 hours the patient evolved with shock, multiple organ failure and death. Gallbladder agenesis and acute pancreatitis were found in autopsy. Conclusions: The GA is a rare congenital anomaly, difficult to establish a correct preoperative diagnosis, always found during the abdominal surgery or autopsy. Its association with acute pancreatitis is very uncommon. Pancreatitis may be due to of Oddi Sphincter's Dysfunction (SOD) or idiopathic origin(AU)


Subject(s)
Female , Aged, 80 and over , Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing/complications , Gallbladder/abnormalities , Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing/mortality , Gallbladder/diagnostic imaging
3.
Clinics ; 72(2): 125-129, Feb. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1039536

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to assess the effects of diazoxide on the mortality, pancreatic injury, and inflammatory response in an experimental model of acute pancreatitis. METHODS: Male Wistar rats (200-400 g) were divided randomly into two groups. Fifteen minutes before surgery, animals received physiological (0.9%) saline (3 mL/kg) (control group) or 45 mg/kg diazoxide (treatment group) via the intravenous route. Acute pancreatitis was induced by injection of 2.5% sodium taurocholate via the biliopancreatic duct. Mortality (n=38) was observed for 72 h and analyzed by the Mantel-Cox Log-rank test. To study pancreatic lesions and systemic inflammation, rats (10 from each group) were killed 3 h after acute pancreatitis induction; ascites volume was measured and blood as well as pancreases were collected. Pancreatic injury was assessed according to Schmidt's scale. Cytokine expression in plasma was evaluated by the multiplex method. RESULTS: Mortality at 72 h was 33% in the control group and 60% in the treatment group (p=0.07). Ascites volumes and plasma levels of cytokines between groups were similar. No difference was observed in edema or infiltration of inflammatory cells in pancreatic tissues from either group. However, necrosis of acinar cells was lower in the treatment group compared to the control group (3.5 vs. 3.75, p=0.015). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with diazoxide can reduce necrosis of acinar cells in an experimental model of acute pancreatitis, but does not affect the inflammatory response or mortality after 72 h.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Vasodilator Agents/pharmacology , Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing/drug therapy , Diazoxide/pharmacology , Taurocholic Acid , Vasodilator Agents/administration & dosage , Cholagogues and Choleretics , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar , Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing/chemically induced , Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing/mortality , Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing/pathology , Diazoxide/administration & dosage , Disease Models, Animal
4.
Int. j. morphol ; 32(4): 1357-1364, Dec. 2014. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-734683

ABSTRACT

Despite diagnostic and therapeutic advances, the treatment of infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) continues to be a complex problem to solve. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of different surgical alternatives for the treatment of IPN. Articles published between 2000 to 2013, and related to effectiveness of open surgery (OS) and minimally invasive treatmente (MIT) in patients with IPN were evaluated. PubMed, MEDLINE, The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register RCT, DARE, IBECS, SciELO, LILACS, PAHO, WHOLIS, ASERNIP-S, NIHR, HTA, Clinical Excellence, York Health Economic Consortium and Tripdatabase were reviewed, searching systematic reviews (SR), randomized clinical trials (RCT) and observational studies (OST), in which the effectiveness of OS and MIT was evaluated in relation to the variables mortality, intra-abdominal bleeding, development of enterocutaneous fistula or hollow viscera perforation, development of pancreatic fistula, reoperations for complications, reoperations for new necrosectomy, development of diabetes mellitus and pancreatic enzyme requirements. Three hundred eighty-nine articles were retrieved, 10 of which met the selection criteria (2 SR, 1 RCT and 7 OST). The studies have a level of evidence of 2a, 2b, 3a and 4. MIT are associated with better results than OS in all variables analyzed, but significantly only in the development of diabetes mellitus and pancreatic enzyme requirement. Articles found are few and heterogeneous, making meaningful conclusions difficult. Studies with a better level of evidence, methodological quality and population size are needed to make conclusions and recommendations.


A pesar de los avances diagnósticos y terapéuticos, el tratamiento de la necrosis pancreática infecciosa (NPI) sigue siendo un problema complejo de resolver. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la eficacia de las diferentes alternativas quirúrgicas para el tratamiento del NPI. Fueron evaluados artículos publicados entre 2000 y 2013, relacionados con la efectividad de la cirugía abierta (CA) y el tratamiento mínimamente invasivo (TMI) en pacientes diagnosticados con NPI. Se PubMed, MEDLINE, The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register RCT, DARE, IBECS, SciELO, LILACS, PAHO, WHOLIS, ASERNIP-S, NIHR, HTA, Clinical Excellence, York Health Economic Consortium y Tripdatabase, en búsqueda de revisiones sistemáticas (RS), ensayos clínicos aleatorios (ECA) y estudios observacionales (EO). En estos estudios se evaluó la eficacia de la cirugía y el TMI en relación con diferentes variables, como la mortalidad, el sangrado intra-abdominal, el desarrollo de fístula enterocutánea o la perforación de víscera hueca, el desarrollo de fístula pancreática, reintervenciones por complicaciones, reintervenciones por necrosectomía, el desarrollo de diabetes mellitus y la necesidad de enzimas pancreáticas. Se consiguieron 389 artículos, de los cuales 10 cumplieron con los criterios de selección (2 RS, 1 ECA y 7 EO). Los estudios presentaron un nivel de evidencia de 2a, 2b, 3a y 4. El TMI se asocia con mejores resultados que la CA en todas las variables analizadas, pero en forma significativa sólo en el desarrollo de la diabetes mellitus y la necesidad de enzimas pancreáticas. Los artículos encontrados son pocos y heterogéneos, lo que hace difícil poder alcanzar conclusiones significativas. Se necesitan estudios con un mejor nivel de evidencia, calidad metodológica y tamaño de población estudiada para poder establecer conclusiones y recomendaciones.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing/surgery , Postoperative Complications , Reoperation , Drainage , Intestinal Fistula/etiology , Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures , Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing/complications , Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing/mortality , Diabetes Mellitus/etiology , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/etiology , Intestinal Perforation/etiology , Laparotomy , Necrosis/surgery
5.
Acta cir. bras ; 28(8): 559-567, Aug. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-680609

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To investigate if the ethyl-pyruvate solution could reduce mortality in AP and/or diminish the acute lung injury. METHODS: Forty male rats, weighing between 270 to 330 grams were operated. An experimental model of severe AP by injection of 0.1ml/100g of 2.5% sodium taurocholate into the bilio-pancreatic duct was utilized. The rats were divided into two groups of ten animals each: CT - control (treatment with 50ml/kg of Ringer's solution, intraperitoneal) and EP (treatment with 50ml/kg of Ringer ethyl- pyruvate solution, intra-peritoneal), three hours following AP induction. After six hours, a new infusion of the treatment solution was performed in each group. Two hours later, the animals were killed and the pulmonary parenchyma was resected for biomolecular analysis, consisting of: interleukin, myeloperoxidase, MDA, nitric oxide, metalloproteinases and heat shock protein. In the second part of the experiment, another, 20 rats were randomly divided into EP and CT groups, in order to evaluate a survival comparison between the two groups. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in IL-1B,IL-10, MMP-9, HSP70, nitric oxide, MPO, MDA (lipidic peroxidation) concerning both groups. The levels of IL-6 were significantly diminished in the EP group. Furthermore, the MMP-2 levels were also reduced in the EP group (p<0.05). The animals from the EP treatment groups had improved survival, when compared to control group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The ethyl-pyruvate diminishes acute lung injury inflammatory response in acute pancreatitis and ameliorates survival when compared to control group, in the experimental model of necrotizing acute pancreatitis.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Acute Lung Injury/drug therapy , Cytokines/metabolism , Matrix Metalloproteinases/metabolism , Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing/drug therapy , Pyruvates/pharmacology , Acute Lung Injury/chemically induced , Acute Lung Injury/enzymology , Disease Models, Animal , Immunoblotting , Isotonic Solutions/pharmacology , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing/mortality , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar , Reference Values , Reproducibility of Results , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
6.
Rev. gastroenterol. Perú ; 31(3): 236-240, jul.-set. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-692391

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: Comparar a pacientes con pancreatitis aguda con necrosis que no presentan complicaciones adicionales durante su hospitalización (Grupo A) versus aquellos pacientes con pancreatitis aguda con necrosis que presenten complicaciones adicionales durante su hospitalización (Grupo B). MÉTODOS: Se realizó el análisis sobre una base de datos preexistente de registros de pacientes hospitalizados con diagnóstico de pancreatitis aguda con necrosis de la Unidad de Pancreatitis Aguda Grave del Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins entre 2000 y 2010. Se utilizaron los registros de todos los pacientes criterios diagnósticos de pancreatitis aguda severa con presencia de necrosis mayores de 18 años. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 215 registros de pacientes con PA con necrosis. Los pacientes del Grupo A representaron un 32% (68) y los del Grupo B el 68%(147). Grupo A tuvo un promedio de 39 días de hospitalización y el Grupo B tuvo un promedio de 56 días (p = 0.01). Del Grupo A 22% tuvieron más de 50% de necrosis mientras 43% del Grupo B tuvieron esta extensión de necrosis (p <0.05, OR 3.4, IC (1.12-10)). De los 14 casos fallecidos de toda la población, encontrándose todos ellos en el Grupo B, 12 de ellos tuvieron más de 50% de necrosis. CONCLUSIONES: No todos los casos clasificados como pancreatitis aguda severa, basados en la presencia de necrosis pancreática, se comportan de manera uniforme. Es la extensión de la necrosis pancreática (mayor a 50%) y no la sola presencia de la misma, la que determinaría una evolución con complicaciones adicionales y mayor mortalidad.


AIMS: To compare patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis without any additional complications during their hospital stay (Group A) versus patients with Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis with additional complications during their hospital stay (Group B) METHODS: Data obtained from a pre-existing base from hospitalized patients with diagnosis of acute necrotizing pancreatitis in the specialized unit of "Unidad de Pancreatitis Aguda Grave del Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins" between 2000 and 2010. Data included patients with diagnosis of acute necrotizing pancreatitis, of ages 18 and over. RESULTS: Data from 215 patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis was included. Patients from Group A represented 32% (68) and from Group B 68% (147). Group A had a average of 39 hospitalized days and Group B had an average of 56 days (p=0.01). From Group A 22% had more than 50% of necrosis while 43% of Group B had this extension of necrosis (p <0.05, OR 3.4, IC (1.12-10)). Of the 14 deaths of the population, all part of Group B, 12 of them had more than 50% of necrosis. CONCLUSIONS: Not every patient classified as severe acute pancreatitis, based on the presence of necrosis, behave likewise. It is an extended necrosis, described as more than 50% of pancreatic necrosis, and not the presence itself which will determine additional complications during the course of disease and a greater mortality.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing/diagnosis , Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data , Necrosis , Pancreas/pathology , Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing/complications , Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing/mortality , Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing/pathology , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Severity of Illness Index
8.
Rev. chil. cir ; 56(6): 567-571, dic. 2004. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-425115

ABSTRACT

Se presenta una técnica quirúrgica de tipo cerrado con drenaje continuo y relaparotomías programadas para el tratamiento de la Pancreatitis Aguda Grave con necrosis, en 60 pacientes intervenidos por el autor y col. entre octubre de 1997 a enero del 2002 en la Unidad de Pancreatitis Aguda Grave del Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins de Lima Perú como una alternativa para el manejo quirúrgico de esta patología.


Subject(s)
Adult , Male , Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Drainage , Necrosis , Pancreas/pathology , Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing/surgery , Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures/standards , Peru , Postoperative Care , Preoperative Care , Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing/etiology , Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing/mortality
9.
Rev. argent. cir ; 76(6): 243-6, jun. 1999. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-241594

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: El pronóstico de la infección pancreática es controvertido. En la bibliografía actual predomina la idea que su mortalidad está en relación directa con la extensión de las lesiones necróticas. Objetivo: Comparar el valor para el pronóstico de mortalidad por necrosis infectada de los signos de Ranson con la extensión de la necrosis glandular pancreática. Lugar de aplicación: Hospital público de alta complejidad. Diseño: Análisis retrospectivo de una serie consecutiva de pacientes. Población: En 36 enfermos operados por necrosis infectada se evaluó la gravedad clínica al ingreso mediante los signos de Ranson y la extensión de la necrosis glandular mediante una tomografía computada dinámica, realizada más de una semana después del comienzo del ataque. Resultados: En los pacientes con más del 30 por ciento de necrosis glandular, la mortalidad por infección pancreática fue significativamente mayor (p < 0,001) en el grupo que presentaba más de 5 signos pronósticos al ingreso. Conclusiones: A igual extensión de necrosis glandular, la magnitud de la respuesta inflamatoria temprana es el principal determinante de la mortalidad por necrosis infectada. Su evaluación al comienzo del ataque mediante signos clínicos es esencial para el pronóstico y tratamiento de la pancreatitis aguda


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing/mortality , Pancreatitis/complications , Acute Disease , Infections/complications , Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing/complications , Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing/physiopathology , Pancreatitis/diagnosis , Pancreatitis/mortality , Prognosis , Sepsis/complications
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